Software that translates a high-level request into the low-level commands required to perform the operation. The most common abstraction layer is the programming interface (API) between an application ...

It’s rare for me to be surprised by a painting show, but I didn’t see “Taking Shape” coming. The exhibition is a generous survey of abstract art made from the 1950s to the 1980s, drawn from the ...

Meaning doesn’t stay inside individual brains. Shared attention and language allow meaning to become symbolic, social, and ...

An interface between hardware and software. A hardware abstraction layer (HAL) is generally used as a common driver for peripheral devices. The application calls the operating system; the OS calls the ...