1. Above-and below-ground organisms can interact by altering the quality of shared host plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) influence plant nutrient uptake, including nitrogen (N) acquisition.

Aphids on tomato plants are the bane of many a gardener’s existence. While these tiny bugs may look fairly innocuous, tomato aphid damage can weaken the plant, open it up to disease, or even kill it ...