The paired limbs of humans, and before that the paired fins of fish, evolved from the transformation of gill arches in early fish, scientists say, presenting genetic evidence for this theory. Sharks, ...

A widely debated topic in biology and fisheries sciences is the role of oxygen in the growth of fish and other water-breathing animals. According to new research, developmental changes in individual ...

The distribution and concentration of dissolved oxygen and water temperature in the oceans and freshwaters are usually far more influential in shaping the growth and reproduction of fish than the ...

As you sit at your desk and chew your morning muffin, consider the complicated interlocking structure of your jaw. How did you manage to evolve such a thing? What you’re eating through is essentially ...

The stream continuum concept suggests that the physical structure of the stream channel coupled with the hydrological cycle and energy inputs results in a consistent pattern of community structure and ...