The work of the neuroscientist Ishmail Abdus-Saboor has opened up a world of insights into precisely how much pleasure and pain animals experience during different forms of touch. Ishmail Abdus-Saboor ...

Drug addiction is not just about chasing pleasure (feeling good) but also involves relieving emotional pain (relief reward or negative reinforcement). The negative emotional state is termed as the ...

Pleasure and pain are important factors in how we humans make decisions. So why not give artificial intelligence a taste of ...